Would you say that European liberalism failed to provide an alternative to tradition and religion, and that created demand for ugly substitutes like woke?

Stephen Hicks, Ph.D.

December 26, 2023

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min read

Question: Would you say that European liberalism failed to provide an alternative to tradition and religion, and that created demand for ugly substitutes like woke?‍

Answer: That’s an interesting question. I would say first, I’m not convinced that most traditions and most religions have done a very good job except in limited ways in providing meaning and significance for people’s lives. So, one of the great achievements of modern liberalism is giving people the freedom and resources to start putting together meaningful lives for themselves.

Now, it is true that there are a number of people in broadly liberal society who are failing terribly at doing so, and I would say that that is coming, not from liberalism, but rather from counter-liberal, counter-Enlightenment philosophies that have become successful in the modern world. And these have been successful at undercutting, not only traditions and not only modern liberalism, but undercutting people’s capacities; intellectual, morally, psychologically, to put together meaningful lives for their own. That’s where the 'woke' come from.

About the author:

Stephen Hicks, Ph.D.

Stephen R. C. Hicks is a Professor of Philosophy and a Senior Scholar for The Atlas Society.

He is author of The Art of Reasoning: Readings for Logical Analysis (W. W. Norton & Co., 1998), Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault (Scholargy, 2004), Nietzsche and the Nazis (Ockham’s Razor, 2010), Entrepreneurial Living (CEEF, 2016), Liberalism Pro and Con (Connor Court, 2020), Art: Modern, Postmodern, and Beyond (with Michael Newberry, 2021), Eight Philosophies of Education (2022), and Lectures on the Philosophy of Politics (Spanish translation, Publicaciones del Orden Espontáneo, 2026). He has published in Business Ethics Quarterly, Review of Metaphysics, and The Wall Street Journal. His writings have been translated into 20 languages.

He has been Visiting Professor of Business Ethics at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., Visiting Fellow at the Social Philosophy & Policy Center in Bowling Green, Ohio, Visiting Professor at the University of Kasimir the Great, Poland, Visiting Fellow at Harris Manchester College of Oxford University, England, and Visiting Professor at Jagiellonian University, Poland.

His B.A. and M.A. degrees are from the University of Guelph, Canada. His Ph.D. in Philosophy is from Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.

In 2010, he won his university’s Excellence in Teaching Award.

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